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Knowth and the passage-tombs of Ireland
Knowth and the passage-tombs of Ireland by George EoganKnowth is one of the great wonders of the prehistoric world. Professor George Eogan tells for the first time the full story of this remarkable site in the Boyne Valley north of Dublin, where his excavations over some twenty-five years have revealed a five-thousand-year-old burial complex and a treasure-house of megalithic art. A huge central mound dominates a cluster of smaller sites around it, yielding more than a quarter of the engraved art from the whole of Neolithic Europe. But what was the purpose of this exceptional concentration of effort? How were the tombs built and, indeed, by whom?Professor Eogan describes in vivid detail the dramatic discovery of not one but two tombs within the central mound, their narrow passages and decorated chambers hitherto unseen by man since ancient times. Built back to back, the tombs, Professor Eogan argues, were used for burials and very likely for ceremonies celebrating the rising and setting sun at spring and autumn equinox. Ritual deposits in the chambers included an exquisitely carved flint mace-head, hailed by experts as one of the finest pieces ever to come out of prehistoric Ireland. But the chief glory of Knowth is undoubtedly the megalithic art. The excavations have brought to light hundreds of massive stones ornamented with intricately carved abstract motifs, whose discovery transforms the known artistic heritage of our prehistoric ancestors. This magnificent corpus of ancient art is discussed here at length and richly illustrated, together with the other major finds. In addition, Knowth is interpreted in the context of its great Neolithic neighbours, Newgrange and Dowth, and of Irish passage-tombs generally. The result is an authoritative volume, a fitting record of a quarter-century of sustained archaeological enquiry and a tribute to the achievements of the megalith-builders of ancient Ireland. Editor's forewordIt is rarely given to any man to enter, for the first time in centuries or millennia, a well-preserved structure from the prehistoric period that is actually older than the Pyramids of Egypt by several hundred years. This is precisely what George Eogan did, he located the stone-build passageway which led a distance of 34 metres into the western side of the great earth mound at Knowth, and discovered the megalithic tomb at its centre, hitherto unknown to science.An even more striking discovery was to come. For on July 30th of the following year, another long passage was discovered on the eastern side of the mound. And on August 1st, Professor Eogan had the remarkable experience of entering, for the first time, the great corbelled eastern chamber at Knowth, and of discovering the carved stone basin which still lay within it.
As Professor Eogan describes, these were no chance discoveries. He began work at Knowth in 1962, devoting his attention first to the interesting series of smaller megalithic tombs which surrounded the great mound. Although none of these stands complete, in the way the two burial chambers in the main mound do, they are of considerable interest for the light which they shed on how the site was used and developed, and indeed for our understanding of the use of the whole remarkable cemetery of the Bend of the Boyne. No fewer than twenty-four seasons' work have gone into the very comprehensive project at Knowth, and as the photographs clearly show, the mound itself and the area surrounding it was very thoroughly investigated. The full and details account by Professor Eogan of the excavation is to be published by the Royal Irish Academy in a number of monographs, of which the first recently appeared. The art of the Boyne cemetery is one of its chief glories, and indeed represents one of the most remarkable artistic achievements of prehistoric Europe. The decorated stones at Newgrange have long been known and admired, and it came as no surprise that further examples should emerge when Knowth was systemically studied. No one could have predicted, however, that the site would yield so many sculptured stones, and in such variety, a corpus of art works actually far larger than that at Newgrange. In this book many of them are published for the first time, with a discussion of the art of the Boyne as a whole, and of its origins and chronology.
For many readers, however, as for myself, one of the great pleasures of this book will be the way it allows one to relive the moments of the great discoveries, and to visualize very clearly the nature of this splendid monument, its construction and its art. Bar in the summer of 1982 I had the privilege of accompanying Professor Eogan down the long entrance passage into the great eastern chamber at Knowth, and it is an experience which I shall never forget. It is a pleasure to see this remarkable discovery so clearly described here, and so effectively set within its wider context in Irish and indeed in European prehistory. Colin Renfrew |
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In a extract from Knowth and the passage-tombs of Ireland, George Eogan speculates about the prehistoric religious rites that may have been held there. More ... ![]() Boyne Valley Tours![]() ![]() ![]() |
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